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Objective To investigate the current status of healthcare-associated infection (HAI),community-associated infection(CAD,and antimierobial use in hospitalized patients in medical institutions of Guizhou Province.Methods In September 2014,infection status of hospitalized patients in 174 second level hospitals and above in Guizhou Province were performed cross-sectional survey.Results A total of 68 419 patients were surveyed,the actual survey rate was 99.65％.1 581 patients developed 1 684 cases of HAI,HAI prevalence rate and HAI case prevalence rate were 2.31％ and 2.46％ respectively,18 571 patients developed 19 191 cases of HAI,CAI prevalence rate and CAI case prevalence rate were 27.14％ and 28.05％ respectively;patients in general intensive care unit(ICU) and pediatric department(non-neonatal group) had the highest HAI and CAI prevalence rates respectively.Constituent ratios of HAI and CAI sites was significantly different(x2 =17 325.44,P＜0.01);Escherichia coli was the main pathogen causing HAI and CAI.Utilization rate of antimicrobial agents on the survey day was 39.82 ％,ICU (80.47 ％) and pediatric department (76.67 ％) were the highest.Therapeutic antimicrobial use accounted for 67.48 ％ (n =18 386),single antimicrobial use accounted for 79.55 ％ (n =21 672).Pathogenic detection rate of specimens from patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial agents was 31.76％.Conclusion This survey is helpful for understanding the high risk departments and sites of HAI and CAI in Guizhou Province,as well as pathogenic detection rate of specimens from patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial agents,which provides basis for further prevention and control of HAI.
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Objective To survey an outbreak of surgical site infections in a neurosurgery ward of a tertiary hospital. Methods The patients of surgical site infection were investigated individually based on a uniformly designed epidemiological survey form. The distribution of cases was analyzed by characteristic epidemiology,and a case-control study was carried to explore the risk factors. Results A total of 9 patients with surgical site infections from February 5 to March 7,2014 were identified in 68 patients who had received surgery in a neurosurgery ward,yielding a prevalence of 13.24%. The infections occurred in 7 of 14 patients who had used surgicel,a hemostatic agent,and in 2 of 54 patients who had not used surgicel. (χ=16.637,P<0.001). Conclusion The use of surgicel may be the cause of this surgical site infection outbreak.
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Objective To explore the status of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in hospitals in Buyi autono-mous prefecture of Guizhou Povince,and provide basis for formulating HAI control measures.Methods A survey was conducted by combined methods of bed-side survey and medical record reviewing,prevalence rates of secondary and above hospitals in Buyi autonomous prefecture in Guizhou Province between September 10 and October 5,2014 were surveyed.Results 6 577 hospitalized patients should be investigated,6 541(99.45%)were actually investiga-ted.The prevalence rate and case prevalence rate of HAI were 1 .83% (n=120)and 1 .94%(n=127)respectively. The top three departments of HAI distribution were intensive care unit (26.32%),neurosurgery (6.10%),and neonatal intensive care unit(5.13%);the main infection site was lower respiratory tract(n=39,30.71 %),followed by skin-soft tissue (n=24,18.90%)and superficial incision (n=23,18.11 %).58 pathogenic isolates were detec-ted,gram-negative bacteria were the major pathogens (n=44),gram-positive bacteria and fungi were 10 and 3 iso-lates respectively.Antimicrobial usage rate at survey day was 42.12%,64.75% of which were for therapeutic, 26.83% for prophylactic,and 8.42% for therapeutic+prophylactic use;the percentage of mono-drug,two drugs combination,and three or more drugs combination use were 79.53%,19.89%,and 0.58% respectively;bacterial detection rate in patients receiving therapeutic as well as therapeutic+prophylactic antimicrobial use was 13.76%. Conclusion Survey on prevalence of HAI is helpful for understanding the current status of HAI,monitoring on HAI in key departments of hospital and key sites of patients should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence HAI effectively.
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Objective To investigate the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in hospitals of Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province,and provide basis for formulating prevention and con-trol measures of HAI.Methods According to the unified plan of the National HAI Surveillance Network,26 hospi-tals in Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province were performed cross-sectional survey on HAI prevalence rate,antimicrobial use,and specimen bacterial culture rate.Results A total of 3 tertiary and 23 seconda-ry hospitals were investigated,7 799 inpatients were included,the prevalence rate of HAI was 2.54%(n =198), and case prevalence rate was 2.65% (n=205).HAI mainly distributed in intensive care unit (29.63%);the main infection site was lower respiratory tract (44.44%);HAI mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria,the major pathogens were Escherichia coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,and Klebsiella pneumoniae .The usage rate of antimi-crobial agents was 45.66%,secondary hospitals was higher than tertiary hospitals (53.65% vs 31 .14%,χ2 =148.53,P <0.001 ).74.02% of antimicrobial agents were for therapeutic purpose,19.77% for prophylaxis,and 6.21 % for both prophylactic and therapeutic application;81 .02% of patients received one agent,17.21 % received two,and 1 .77% received three and more agents;among patients who received antimicrobials for therapeutic as well as for both therapeutic and prophylactic purpose,only 29.37% were sent specimens for pathogenic detection.Conclusion The prevalence rate in this region is lower than national average level,antimicrobial usage rate is lower than national standard,management of key departments and key sites should be strengthened,antimicrobial agents,especially used in secondary hospitals should be used rationally.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Cangfu Congxian Decoction (CCD) on oxidative stress in granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty PCOS patients underwent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were assigned to the treatment group and the control group 1 according to random digit table, 20 in each group. Patients in the treatment group took CCD (200 mL, once in the morning and once in the afternoon) 2 months before IVF-ET, while those in the control group 1 took no Chinese medical decoction. Recruited were another 20 patients undergoing IVF-ET for tubal factors (as the control group 2). The clinical effect of IVF-ET were observed, including oocyte retrieval number, 2 pronuclear (2PN) fertilization rate, good quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) induced transplantation cancel rate. The expression of relative oxygen species (ROS) in granulosa cells was detected using cell immunofluorescence combined with confocal microscopy and FCM.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group 1, occyte retrieval number, 2PN fertilization rate, and good quality embryo rate increased in the control group 2 and the treatment group (P <0. 05). OHSS induced transplantation cancel rate decreased in the control group 2 (P < 0.05). Fluorescence intensity of ROS decreased in the treatment group and the control group 2, as compared with the control group 1 (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CCD increased good quality embryo rate by down-regulating the expression of ROS protein in ovarian granulosa cells, and correcting in vivo oxidative stress.</p>
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Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Embryo Transfer , Fertilization in Vitro , Granulosa Cells , Metabolism , Oocyte Retrieval , Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome , Oxidative Stress , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Drug Therapy , Pregnancy Rate , Reactive Oxygen Species , MetabolismABSTRACT
To observe the curative effect of treating small -incision cataract extraction by intraocular lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy for primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract. ●METHODS: Totally 44 cases (52 eyes) of primary angle-closure glaucoma combined with cataract were selected to undergo the combined surgery, in order to observe the patients' pre - and postoperative eyesights, intraocular pressures and the postoperative complications. ●RESULTS: The postoperative eyesight was improved significantly as compared with the preoperative eyesight. The intraocular pressure was declined dramatically. The result was of statistical significance (P ● CONCLUSlON: Treating the primary angle - closure glaucoma combined with cataract through the combined surgery has high reliability and desirable curative effect. The surgical method is simple to learn and applicable for promotion on the basic level.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the genotype distributions and epidemiological characteristics of Yersinia pestis in Gansu province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primers were designed according to the confirmed 23 differential sections, to genotype the 202 Yersinia pestis DNA of Gansu province by PCR, and to analyze its distribution and epidemiological characteristics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Yersinia pestis in Gansu province could be divided into eight genotypes: 1b, 5, 7, 8, 13, 26, new genotype 1 (GS1) and new genotype 2 (GS2). They were distributed in various regions. 1b, 8 and GS1 genotypes of Yersinia pestis had been identified since 1960s but the 7, 13 and 26 genotypes had not been isolated for more than 40 years while GS2 and 5 genotypes had been isolated since 1990s.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>1b, 8 and GS1 genotypes of Yersinia pestis continued to be violently prevalent since 1960s but 7, 13 and 26 genotypes had not been isolated for more than 40 years while GS2 and 5 genotypes had started to be popular since 1990s.</p>
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Animals , Humans , China , Epidemiology , DNA Primers , Genetic Variation , Genome, Bacterial , Genotype , Plague , Epidemiology , Microbiology , Yersinia pestis , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of up-converting phosphor technology(UPT) in detection of plague antigen-antibody by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method,and to provide a scientific basis for field application of UPT rapid detection technology in plague prevention and control.Methods Two hundred and twenty four serum samples were collected from Marmots and ground squirrels in the plague foci,Yersinia pestis antibody was detected by UPT,ELISA,Colloidal-gold Strips and IHA,respectively; 108 organs and bone marrow samples were collected,and Yersinia pestis antigens were detected by UPT,ELISA,PCR and RIHA,respectively.IHA was used as the gold standard for antibody test results,RIHA,PCR + Colloidal-gold Strips,PCR + ELISA were used as the gold standard for antigen test results.The results were evaluated using ROC method.Results Antibodies detection:the AUCs of UPT,ELISA and Colloidal-gold Strips were greater than 0.5.The difference between UPT and other methods was not statistically significant (z =1.204,P ＞ 0.05).Antigen detection:the AUCs of UPT,ELISA,Colloidal-gold Strips and PCR were greater than 0.5.There was no statistical difference between UPT and other methods(z =0.866,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions UPT as a new technology works well in the detection of plague antigen-antibody.The technology is simple,fast,accurate,and suitable for on-site monitoring of plague,emergency treatment of sudden plague,and suitable for promotion.